What is the role of the heat sink in a computer?

The heat sink's primary role in a computer is to cool down the CPU and other components. As the CPU processes information, it generates heat due to electrical resistance. If this heat is not effectively dissipated, it can lead to overheating, which might cause the CPU to throttle performance or, in extreme cases, result in permanent damage. The heat sink works by increasing the surface area that is exposed to the air, allowing for better heat dissipation through convection and conduction. It is typically made from materials like aluminum or copper, known for their thermal conductivity, and is often attached to the CPU with thermal paste to enhance heat transfer.

Additional components also generate heat and may utilize heat sinks, including graphics processing units (GPUs) and other high-performance chips. The heat sink ensures that these vital parts operate within safe temperature ranges, maintaining overall system stability and longevity.