What is the relationship between hardware and software in a computer system?

The relationship between hardware and software in a computer system is best characterized by the concept that both components work together to perform tasks. Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system, such as the CPU, memory, and storage devices, while software encompasses the programs and applications that run on that hardware.

In a functional computer system, hardware cannot operate effectively without software, as the software provides the instructions that the hardware needs to perform specific tasks. Conversely, software requires hardware to execute and run; they are interdependent in the sense that software activates hardware to produce output and carry out processes. This synergy is essential for the overall functionality of the system, enabling users to run applications and execute operations seamlessly.

The other options misrepresent the relationship. For instance, the assertion that hardware can function without software ignores the necessity of software instructions for hardware operation. The idea of independence between the two incorrectly suggests that neither relies on the other, which is not the case. Lastly, stating that software is secondary to hardware overlooks the critical role software plays in directing the operations of hardware, rendering it essential for any computing task. Thus, acknowledging the collaborative nature of hardware and software is crucial for understanding computer systems and how they operate.