What component limits the maximum amount of RAM that can be installed in a computer?

The motherboard plays a crucial role in determining the maximum amount of RAM that can be installed in a computer. It is designed with a specific number of RAM slots and supports a certain maximum memory capacity based on its architecture and chipset. Each motherboard has limitations on how much RAM it can effectively address and utilize, which can depend on factors such as the type of RAM supported (e.g., DDR4, DDR5), the total number of supported RAM modules, and the maximum size of each module.

While the CPU can influence memory performance and support specific types of memory, it is the motherboard that ultimately determines the maximum RAM capacity due to its hardware design and specifications. Other components, like the power supply and hard drive, do not have a direct impact on the amount of RAM that can be installed, as they serve different functions in the system.